摘 要：鄉村建设包括乡村自救和乡村现代化两层次及愿景，前者指社会变迁中乡村的自我恢复，包括文化、规范、经济等方面的自我再生产能力和自治能力的恢复;后者指在全球化和现代性背景下的乡村发展转型及重构现代乡村秩序。乡村领袖是乡村建设的关键人物，他们是一个动态和继替的群体，传统乡绅因政治结构的变革和自身的落后性退出了历史舞台。出任新乡村领袖，应兼具公共性、引导性、先进性三方面的素质。乡村领袖应产自那些关注社区利益、有公德心、对社区有归属感的群体，且应是能够领导和引导村民参与群众自治，建设现代乡村的能人。“乡土法杰”是对构建现代乡村秩序的乡村领袖的描述。“乡土法杰”的“在地化”和“现代性”为乡村法治化建设提供了有效路径。四十年来的乡村法治建设，主要是一部关注国家法和民间习惯法规范冲突的叙事，忽略了乡村法治化的主体，即乡民及其代表者乡村领袖，导致“送法下乡”无所着力。
关键词：乡村建设;乡村领袖;乡土法杰;乡村法治
中图分类号：C911
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-5099（2019）04-0106-08
Analysis of the Role and Function of “Local Order Maintainer” in Rural Construction
WANG Lihui1，2
（1.School of Law， Nanjing Normal University， Nanjing， Jiangsu， 210046， China;
2. Institute of Chinese Rule and Law Modernization， Nanjing Normal University， Nanjing， Jiangsu， 210046， China）
Abstract：Rural construction includes two levels and visions of rural self-rescue and rural modernization. The former refers to the self-recovery of rural areas in social change， including the restoration of self-reproduction capacity and self-government in cultural， normative and economic aspects. The latter refers to rural development transformation and reconstruction of modern rural order in the context of globalization and modernization. Rural leaders are key players in rural construction. The rural leader is a dynamic and successor group. The traditional rural leader will eventually withdraw from the historical stage due to the change of political structure and its own backwardness. Being a new village leader should be a combination of publicity， guidance， and advancement. Rural leaders should emerge from groups that care about the interests of the community， that are ethical， have a sense of belonging to the community， and should be able to lead and guide the villagers to participate in mass autonomy and build a modern village. “local order maintainer” is a description of the rural leaders who builds the modern rural order. The localization and modernity of which provide an effective path for the establishment of rule of law in rural areas. The rule of law in rural areas in the past 40 years is mainly a narrative focusing on the conflicts between national laws and local customary laws， which ignored the main body of the rule of law in rural areas， that is， the villagers and their representative rural leaders， resulting in the failure of “sending the law to the countryside”.
Key words：rural construction; rural leaders; local order maintainer; rural rule of law